The implementation of an integrated workplace health promotion program in Dutch organizations - A mixed methods process evaluation

Objective To gain insight into 1) the degree of implementation of an integrated workplace health promotion program (WHPP) 2) the perceptions of employers and employees regarding an integrated WHPP and 3) the contextual factors that hindered or enhanced implementation. Methods Data were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews among 19 employees, supervisors and HR-professionals, monitoring charts and observations at 6–10 months after the start of the implementation of the integrated WHPP. To evaluate the implementation process, ten process indicators from the evaluation frameworks of Nielsen & Randall and Wierenga were assessed. Descriptive analyses were performed for the process indicators as measured by questionnaires, monitoring charts and observations. Interviews with employers and employees were recorded, transcribed and then coded by two researchers independently by means of thematic coding. Results The results cover the following topics: implemented activities, the working group, engagement of employees, the role of management and policy and organizational preconditions. Although the criteria of the WHPP were not completely met, various activities were implemented in all participating organizations. Working groups consisting of Human Resources professionals, supervisors and employees, who selected and implemented activities, were composed within each organization. 22% of the employees did not feel involved in the implementation process. The absence of organizational policies regarding WHP hampered implementation. Organizations had the intention to continue with the integrated WHPP, which requires sufficient time and budget. Conclusions The implementation of the integrated WHPP appeared to be challenging and complex. Working groups indicated that they made the first important steps in integrating WHP in their organization and had the intention to continue with the implementation. However, to increase the impact, employers and employees should have the opportunity to implement and participate in WHP. Hence, organizational policies regarding WHP and active support of higher management are expected to be essential.