The automated external defibrillator: Heterogeneity of legislation, mapping and use across europe. new insights from the ensure study

Enrico Baldi; Niccolò B. Grieco; Giuseppe Ristagno; Hajriz Alihodžić; Valentine Canon; Alexei Birkun; Ruggero Cresta; Diana Cimpoesu; Carlo Clarens; Julian Ganter; Andrej Markota; Pierre Mols; Olympia Nikolaidou; Martin Quinn; Violetta Raffay; Fernando Rosell Ortiz; Ari Salo; Remy Stieglis; Anneli Strömsöe; Ingvild Tjelmeland; Stefan Trenkler; Jan Wnent; Jan-Thorsten Grasner; Bernd W. Böttiger; Simone Savastano

doi:10.3390/jcm10215018

The automated external defibrillator: Heterogeneity of legislation, mapping and use across europe. new insights from the ensure study

Enrico Baldi^*
, Niccolò B. Grieco
, Giuseppe Ristagno
, Hajriz Alihodžić
, Valentine Canon
, Alexei Birkun
, Ruggero Cresta
, Diana Cimpoesu
, Carlo Clarens
, Julian Ganter
, Andrej Markota
, Pierre Mols
, Olympia Nikolaidou
, Martin Quinn
, Violetta Raffay
, Fernando Rosell Ortiz
, Ari Salo
, Remy Stieglis
, Anneli Strömsöe
, Ingvild Tjelmeland

Stefan Trenkler, Jan Wnent, Jan-Thorsten Grasner, Bernd W. Böttiger, Simone Savastano

^*Corresponding author for this work

University of Pavia
IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo - Pavia
Italian Resuscitation Council, 40128, Bologna, Italy;
Asst Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda
University of Milan
University of Tuzla
Université de Lille
French National Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry-Registre Électronique des Arrêts Cardiaques, F-59000, Lille, France
V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Quality and Research Division, Federazione Cantonale Ticinese Servizi Ambulanza (FCTSA), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland;
Fondazione Ticino Cuore, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Luxembourg Resuscitation Council, 2680, Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
University of Freiburg
Slovenian Resuscitation Council, Slovenian Society of Emergency Medicine, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia;
Department of Abdominal and General Surgery, Slovenia
Université libre de Bruxelles
EMS—National Center for Emergency Care, 546, Thessaloniki, Greece;
University of Galway
European University Cyprus
Serbian Resuscitation Council, Novi Sad, Serbia
Servicio de Urgencias Médicas, 061 La Rioja, 26007, Logroño, Spain;
University of Helsinki
Dalarna University
Uppsala University
School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
University of Oslo
Kiel University
Pavol Jozef Šafárik University
University of Namibia
University of Cologne
European Resuscitation Council

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Abstract

Introduction: The rapid use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) is crucial for increased survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Many factors could play a role in limiting the chance of an AED use. We aimed to verify the situation regarding AED legislation, the AED mapping system and first responders (FRs) equipped with an AED across European countries. Methods: We performed a survey across Europe entitled “European Study about AED Use by Lay Rescuers” (ENSURE), asking the national coordinators of the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest (EuReCa) program to complete it. Results: Nineteen European countries replied to the survey re-quest for a population covering 128,297,955 inhabitants. The results revealed that every citizen can use an AED in 15 countries whereas a training certificate was required in three countries. In one country, only EMS personnel were allowed to use an AED. An AED mapping system and FRs equipped with an AED were available in only 11 countries. The AED use rate was 12–59% where AED mapping and FR systems were implemented, which was considerably higher than in other countries (0–7.9%), reflecting the difference in OHCA survival. Conclusions: Our survey highlighted a heterogeneity in AED legislation, AED mapping systems and AED use in Europe, which was re-flected in different AED use and survival.

Original language	English
Article number	5018
Journal	Journal of clinical medicine
Volume	10
Issue number	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215018
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2021

Keywords

Automated external defibrillator (AED) system
First responders
Legislation
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)

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The-automated-external-defibrillator.pdfFinal published version, 1.04 MBLicence: CC BY

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Baldi, E., Grieco, N. B., Ristagno, G., Alihodžić, H., Canon, V., Birkun, A., Cresta, R., Cimpoesu, D., Clarens, C., Ganter, J., Markota, A., Mols, P., Nikolaidou, O., Quinn, M., Raffay, V., Ortiz, F. R., Salo, A., Stieglis, R., Strömsöe, A., ... Savastano, S. (2021). The automated external defibrillator: Heterogeneity of legislation, mapping and use across europe. new insights from the ensure study. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(21), Article 5018. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215018

@article{9a2660251cac460e9bf9b80e951d6425,

title = "The automated external defibrillator: Heterogeneity of legislation, mapping and use across europe. new insights from the ensure study",

abstract = "Introduction: The rapid use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) is crucial for increased survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Many factors could play a role in limiting the chance of an AED use. We aimed to verify the situation regarding AED legislation, the AED mapping system and first responders (FRs) equipped with an AED across European countries. Methods: We performed a survey across Europe entitled “European Study about AED Use by Lay Rescuers” (ENSURE), asking the national coordinators of the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest (EuReCa) program to complete it. Results: Nineteen European countries replied to the survey re-quest for a population covering 128,297,955 inhabitants. The results revealed that every citizen can use an AED in 15 countries whereas a training certificate was required in three countries. In one country, only EMS personnel were allowed to use an AED. An AED mapping system and FRs equipped with an AED were available in only 11 countries. The AED use rate was 12–59\% where AED mapping and FR systems were implemented, which was considerably higher than in other countries (0–7.9\%), reflecting the difference in OHCA survival. Conclusions: Our survey highlighted a heterogeneity in AED legislation, AED mapping systems and AED use in Europe, which was re-flected in different AED use and survival.",

keywords = "Automated external defibrillator (AED) system, First responders, Legislation, Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)",

author = "Enrico Baldi and Grieco, \{Niccol{\`o} B.\} and Giuseppe Ristagno and Hajriz Alihod{\v z}i{\'c} and Valentine Canon and Alexei Birkun and Ruggero Cresta and Diana Cimpoesu and Carlo Clarens and Julian Ganter and Andrej Markota and Pierre Mols and Olympia Nikolaidou and Martin Quinn and Violetta Raffay and Ortiz, \{Fernando Rosell\} and Ari Salo and Remy Stieglis and Anneli Str{\"o}ms{\"o}e and Ingvild Tjelmeland and Stefan Trenkler and Jan Wnent and Jan-Thorsten Grasner and B{\"o}ttiger, \{Bernd W.\} and Simone Savastano",

note = "Funding Information: Funding: This research received no external funding. The publication fee was covered by Italian Resuscitation Council with funds for dissemination within the “iProcureSecurity” H2020 project (Grant Agreement No 833291). Funding Information: We performed a survey across Europe entitled “European Study About AED Use by Lay Rescuers” (ENSURE) asking primarily the 29 national coordinators of the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest (EuReCa) [20] program to fill in the questionnaire, referring to the EuReCa TWO period (October 2017–December 2017). The study was endorsed by the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Research NET and by the Italian Resuscitation Council (IRC). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2021",

month = nov,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3390/jcm10215018",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

journal = "Journal of clinical medicine",

issn = "2077-0383",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "21",

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Baldi, E, Grieco, NB, Ristagno, G, Alihodžić, H, Canon, V, Birkun, A, Cresta, R, Cimpoesu, D, Clarens, C, Ganter, J, Markota, A, Mols, P, Nikolaidou, O, Quinn, M, Raffay, V, Ortiz, FR, Salo, A, Stieglis, R, Strömsöe, A, Tjelmeland, I, Trenkler, S, Wnent, J, Grasner, J-T, Böttiger, BW & Savastano, S 2021, 'The automated external defibrillator: Heterogeneity of legislation, mapping and use across europe. new insights from the ensure study', Journal of clinical medicine, vol. 10, no. 21, 5018. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215018

TY - JOUR

T1 - The automated external defibrillator

T2 - Heterogeneity of legislation, mapping and use across europe. new insights from the ensure study

AU - Baldi, Enrico

AU - Grieco, Niccolò B.

AU - Ristagno, Giuseppe

AU - Alihodžić, Hajriz

AU - Canon, Valentine

AU - Birkun, Alexei

AU - Cresta, Ruggero

AU - Cimpoesu, Diana

AU - Clarens, Carlo

AU - Ganter, Julian

AU - Markota, Andrej

AU - Mols, Pierre

AU - Nikolaidou, Olympia

AU - Quinn, Martin

AU - Raffay, Violetta

AU - Ortiz, Fernando Rosell

AU - Salo, Ari

AU - Stieglis, Remy

AU - Strömsöe, Anneli

AU - Tjelmeland, Ingvild

AU - Trenkler, Stefan

AU - Wnent, Jan

AU - Grasner, Jan-Thorsten

AU - Böttiger, Bernd W.

AU - Savastano, Simone

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This research received no external funding. The publication fee was covered by Italian Resuscitation Council with funds for dissemination within the “iProcureSecurity” H2020 project (Grant Agreement No 833291). Funding Information: We performed a survey across Europe entitled “European Study About AED Use by Lay Rescuers” (ENSURE) asking primarily the 29 national coordinators of the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest (EuReCa) [20] program to fill in the questionnaire, referring to the EuReCa TWO period (October 2017–December 2017). The study was endorsed by the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Research NET and by the Italian Resuscitation Council (IRC). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2021/11/1

Y1 - 2021/11/1

N2 - Introduction: The rapid use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) is crucial for increased survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Many factors could play a role in limiting the chance of an AED use. We aimed to verify the situation regarding AED legislation, the AED mapping system and first responders (FRs) equipped with an AED across European countries. Methods: We performed a survey across Europe entitled “European Study about AED Use by Lay Rescuers” (ENSURE), asking the national coordinators of the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest (EuReCa) program to complete it. Results: Nineteen European countries replied to the survey re-quest for a population covering 128,297,955 inhabitants. The results revealed that every citizen can use an AED in 15 countries whereas a training certificate was required in three countries. In one country, only EMS personnel were allowed to use an AED. An AED mapping system and FRs equipped with an AED were available in only 11 countries. The AED use rate was 12–59% where AED mapping and FR systems were implemented, which was considerably higher than in other countries (0–7.9%), reflecting the difference in OHCA survival. Conclusions: Our survey highlighted a heterogeneity in AED legislation, AED mapping systems and AED use in Europe, which was re-flected in different AED use and survival.

AB - Introduction: The rapid use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) is crucial for increased survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Many factors could play a role in limiting the chance of an AED use. We aimed to verify the situation regarding AED legislation, the AED mapping system and first responders (FRs) equipped with an AED across European countries. Methods: We performed a survey across Europe entitled “European Study about AED Use by Lay Rescuers” (ENSURE), asking the national coordinators of the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest (EuReCa) program to complete it. Results: Nineteen European countries replied to the survey re-quest for a population covering 128,297,955 inhabitants. The results revealed that every citizen can use an AED in 15 countries whereas a training certificate was required in three countries. In one country, only EMS personnel were allowed to use an AED. An AED mapping system and FRs equipped with an AED were available in only 11 countries. The AED use rate was 12–59% where AED mapping and FR systems were implemented, which was considerably higher than in other countries (0–7.9%), reflecting the difference in OHCA survival. Conclusions: Our survey highlighted a heterogeneity in AED legislation, AED mapping systems and AED use in Europe, which was re-flected in different AED use and survival.

KW - Automated external defibrillator (AED) system

KW - First responders

KW - Legislation

KW - Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85117889848

U2 - 10.3390/jcm10215018

DO - 10.3390/jcm10215018

M3 - Article

C2 - 34768537

SN - 2077-0383

VL - 10

JO - Journal of clinical medicine

JF - Journal of clinical medicine

IS - 21

M1 - 5018

ER -

The automated external defibrillator: Heterogeneity of legislation, mapping and use across europe. new insights from the ensure study

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Keywords

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