Skip to main navigation Skip to search Skip to main content

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

  • NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
  • Imperial College London
  • Harvard University
  • The University of Auckland
  • Tehran University of Medical Sciences
  • Middlesex University
  • Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
  • Rush University
  • Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Erasmus University Rotterdam
  • World Health Organization
  • Independent researcher, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • University of California at Berkeley
  • Mahidol University
  • Charles University
  • Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
  • Istituto Superiore di Sanita
  • South African Medical Research Council
  • Seoul National University
  • Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
  • National Institute of Nutrition
  • Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
  • Indian Council of Medical Research
  • University of Copenhagen
  • Capital Medical University
  • Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
  • Qatar University
  • Birzeit University
  • Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
  • Flinders University
  • Food and Nutrition Research Institute Manila
  • Urmia University of Medical Sciences
  • University of Amsterdam
  • Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
  • Joep Lange Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development
  • Argentine Cochrane Centre
  • Independent researcher
  • Thomayer Hospital
  • Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
  • Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social
  • Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran
  • Novo Nordisk Foundation
  • Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia
  • Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
  • University of Oslo
  • University of Bremen
  • Endocrinology and Genetics
  • Dasman Diabetes Institute
  • Aldara Hospital and Medical Center
  • King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
  • Luxembourg Institute of Health
  • Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences
  • Universite de Lille 2
  • Western Norway University of Applied Sciences
  • Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
  • Madras Medical College
  • Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
  • National Institute of Public Health
  • University of Porto
  • Norwegian Institute of Public Health
  • University of Massachusetts
  • Abt Associates
  • University of Iceland
  • Universidade Federal de Pelotas
  • University of Oulu
  • Regional Authority of Public Health
  • University of Science and Technology, Yemen
  • Medical University of Łódź
  • Medical University of Gdańsk
  • Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • University of Palermo
  • Pan American Health Organization
  • Mohammed V University in Rabat
  • Dalhousie University
  • Jordan University of Science and Technology
  • Farabi University
  • The University of Sydney
  • Christian Medical College
  • Université de Tunis El Manar
  • Cafam
  • Kazakh National Medical University
  • Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
  • Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
  • Universidade de São Paulo
  • Sunder Lal Jain Hospital
  • Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Ufa Eye Research Institute
  • Nepal Health Research Council
  • University of Southern Denmark
  • University of Gothenburg
  • Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
  • National Institute of Public Health and the Environment
  • University of Turin
  • Nanyang Technological University
  • Universidad de la República
  • Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno
  • IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed - Pozzilli (IS)
  • Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
  • Ospedale di Circolo
  • KU Leuven
  • Ministry of Health, Seychelles
  • University of Lausanne
  • Universidad Central de Venezuela
  • Bielefeld University
  • German Cancer Research Center
  • University College Copenhagen
  • Robert Koch-Institut
  • University of La Laguna
  • University of Malta
  • Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa
  • Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
  • Gaetano Fucito Hospital
  • University of Santiago de Compostela
  • Council for Agricultural Research and Economics
  • Research and Education Institute of Child Health
  • Dr. A. Ramachandran’s Diabetes Hospitals
  • University College London
  • Academia Sinica Taiwan HQ
  • Capital Institute of Pediatrics
  • Kailuan General Hospital
  • National University of Singapore
  • Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
  • The Gertner Institute
  • Ministry of Health and Welfare
  • Murcia Health Council
  • Korea National Institute of Health
  • Medical University of Silesia in Katowice
  • Statistics Canada
  • Ghent University
  • Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine
  • Universidade Federal do Maranhão
  • University of Southampton
  • Institut Pasteur de Lille
  • CIBEROBN
  • University of Debrecen
  • Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
  • National Council of Research
  • Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
  • Universidade Eduardo Mondlane
  • University of Geneva
  • Russian Ministry of Health
  • University of Montreal
  • French Public Health Agency
  • Mediterranea Cardiocentro
  • University of Zagreb
  • Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education
  • University of Queensland
  • Universidad de Cuenca
  • Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health
  • Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
  • Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
  • Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology
  • University of Latvia
  • Ministry of Health and Medical Services
  • Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences
  • University of Skövde
  • Institut National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire
  • The University of the West Indies
  • Pompeu Fabra University
  • Stellenbosch University
  • University of Duisburg-Essen
  • Karadeniz Technical University
  • University of Helsinki
  • Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
  • Queen's University Belfast
  • University of Zurich
  • Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
  • Fasa University of Medical Sciences
  • Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
  • Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte
  • Servicio Extremeño de Salud
  • Ministry of Health
  • Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • Umeå University
  • Universidade Federal de São Paulo
  • Hospital Universitario Son Espases
  • Kindai University
  • Kyoto University
  • Medical University of Warsaw
  • University of Catania
  • CIBER - Center for Biomedical Research Network
  • Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
  • Wageningen University & Research
  • B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
  • University of Insubria
  • University of Adelaide
  • Lund University
  • McGill University
  • Technical University of Madrid
  • Masaryk University
  • Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica
  • Centro de Estudios en Diabetes
  • Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo
  • Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine
  • Jagiellonian University in Kraków
  • National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Singapore National Eye Center
  • Icelandic Heart Association
  • Universidad ICESI
  • Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute
  • National Health Insurance Service
  • Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
  • University of Eastern Finland
  • Kyushu University
  • University of Bergen
  • Tulane University
  • Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Joep Lange Institute
  • Chronic Diseases Research Center
  • The University of Hong Kong
  • Chinese University of Hong Kong
  • University of Western Australia
  • Kingston Health Sciences Centre
  • Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas
  • Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander
  • University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella
  • Independent Public Health Specialist
  • Ministry of Health and Sports
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer
  • American University of Beirut
  • Cairo University
  • University of Zaragoza
  • National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
  • Medical University of Varna
  • The University of Tokyo
  • University of Toronto
  • Niigata University
  • Hadassah University Medical Centre
  • Norwegian University of Science and Technology
  • University of Melbourne
  • Heart Foundation
  • Guangzhou 12th Hospital
  • Universidad Eugenio Maria de Hostos
  • Simon Fraser University
  • Heidelberg University 
  • Guilan University of Medical Sciences
  • University of Opole
  • University of Crete
  • Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
  • Maharajgunj Medical Campus
  • Johns Hopkins University
  • National Institute of Epidemiology
  • University of Münster
  • Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease
  • Kyrgyz State Medical Academy
  • Research Institute of Child Nutrition
  • Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
  • Hypertension Research Center
  • Innsbruck Medical University
  • Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
  • Yonsei University
  • National Cancer Center
  • University of Pennsylvania
  • University of Vienna
  • Oulu Deaconess Institute
  • University of Tartu
  • Kansai Medical University
  • Ministry of Health and Quality of Life
  • Ulm University
  • University of Groningen
  • University of Jyväskylä
  • African Population and Health Research Center
  • Higher Institute of Health Sciences of Settat
  • Harokopio University
  • University of Public Health
  • Tampere University
  • University of Cape Town
  • West Virginia University
  • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
  • National Taiwan University
  • University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Uppsala University
  • National Institute for Health Development
  • Universidad de San Martín de Porres
  • Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León
  • Norrbotten County Council
  • Peking University
  • Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
  • University of Coimbra
  • The Jikei University School of Medicine
  • National Research Council of Italy
  • Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
  • Agricultural University of Athens
  • French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
  • Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
  • University of Otago
  • University of Padua
  • Emory University
  • Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste
  • University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway
  • Cape Peninsula University of Technology
  • Brown University
  • University of Edinburgh
  • University College Dublin
  • Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
  • Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale
  • Lusófona University
  • Women’s Social and Health Studies Foundation
  • University of Florence
  • Ain Shams University
  • Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
  • Université de Strasbourg
  • University of Pecs
  • Uganda Ministry of Health
  • University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos
  • Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
  • La Trobe University
  • International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw
  • Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud
  • University of Brescia
  • Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
  • Kobe University
  • Suraj Eye Institute
  • University of Greifswald
  • University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
  • Hanoi Medical University
  • Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System
  • University of Turku
  • Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network
  • University of Manchester
  • Japan Wildlife Research Center
  • Istanbul University
  • University of Madeira
  • Medical Research Council
  • University of Novi Sad
  • Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
  • Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine
  • IRCCS Istituto tumori Giovanni Paolo II - Bari
  • Jivandeep Hospital
  • Vietnam National Heart Institute
  • Clínica de Medicina Avanzada Dr. Abel González
  • Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology
  • University of Sarajevo
  • Cardiovascular Prevention Centre
  • Public Health Agency of Barcelona
  • Observatorio de Salud Pública de Santander
  • Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
  • Alborz University of Medical Sciences
  • Ministry of Health Vitenam
  • India Diabetes Research Foundation
  • Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • University of Malaya
  • University of Valencia
  • University of the Philippines Manila
  • Minas Gerais State Secretariat for Health
  • CS S. Agustín Ibsalut
  • Canarian Health Service
  • Universidad Industrial de Santander
  • Associazione Calabrese di Epatologia
  • CHU de Toulouse
  • Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Catalan Department of Health
  • University of Lisbon
  • South Karelia Social and Health Care District
  • Cardiovascular Research Institute
  • Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires
  • Center for Oral Health Services and Research
  • King's College London
  • National Center for Global Health and Medicine
  • Sungkyunkwan University
  • Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
  • St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney
  • University of New South Wales
  • Karolinska Institutet
  • Research Center for Prevention and Health
  • London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
  • Universitas Diponegoro
  • University of Bari
  • Institut Régional de Santé Publique
  • Université de Bordeaux
  • Izmir Katip Celebi University
  • University of Bonn
  • Croatian National Institute of Public Health
  • National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw
  • Epidemiología y Microbiología
  • Fu Jen Catholic University
  • National Statistic Office of Cabo Verde
  • Central University of Kerala
  • Health Service of Murcia
  • Institut d’Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears
  • Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado
  • Dokuz Eylul University
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
  • Utrecht University
  • Hanoi University
  • University of Indonesia
  • Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL-Fundación FISABIO)
  • North Karelian Center for Public Health
  • University of the Witwatersrand
  • Cork Institute of Technology
  • Institute for Medical Research
  • Health Canada
  • Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology
  • Xinjiang Medical University
  • St. George's University of London
  • Medical University of Vienna
  • University of Oxford
  • Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
  • Fudan University
  • Penang Medical College
  • University of Cyprus
  • Iran University of Medical Sciences
  • Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Sun Yat-Sen University
  • West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University
  • University of Ghana

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

64 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)73-77
Number of pages5
JournalNature
Volume582
Issue number7810
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 4 Jun 2020

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

  1. SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
    SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this