Protection of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections

Stijn P. Andeweg; Brechje de Gier; Dirk Eggink; Caroline van den Ende; Noortje van Maarseveen; Lubna Ali; Boris Vlaemynck; Raf Schepers; Susan J. M. Hahné; Chantal B. E. M. Reusken; Hester E. de Melker; Susan van den Hof; Mirjam J. Knol

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31838-8

Protection of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections

Stijn P. Andeweg
, Brechje de Gier
, Dirk Eggink
, Caroline van den Ende
, Noortje van Maarseveen
, Lubna Ali
, Boris Vlaemynck
, Raf Schepers
, Susan J. M. Hahné
, Chantal B. E. M. Reusken
, Hester E. de Melker
, Susan van den Hof
, Mirjam J. Knol^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

National Institute of Public Health and the Environment
Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care
University Medical Center Utrecht
SYNLAB

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

Given the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants and the roll-out of booster COVID-19 vaccination, evidence is needed on protection conferred by primary vaccination, booster vaccination and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection by variant. We employed a test-negative design on S-gene target failure data from community PCR testing in the Netherlands from 22 November 2021 to 31 March 2022 (n = 671,763). Previous infection, primary vaccination or both protected well against Delta infection. Protection against Omicron BA.1 infection was much lower compared to Delta. Protection was similar against Omicron BA.1 compared to BA.2 infection after previous infection, primary and booster vaccination. Higher protection was observed against all variants in individuals with both vaccination and previous infection compared with either one. Protection against all variants decreased over time since last vaccination or infection. We found that primary vaccination with current COVID-19 vaccines and previous SARS-CoV-2 infections offered low protection against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 infection. Booster vaccination considerably increased protection against Omicron infection, but decreased rapidly after vaccination.

Original language	English
Article number	4738
Journal	Nature communications
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31838-8
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2022

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Andeweg, S. P., de Gier, B., Eggink, D., van den Ende, C., van Maarseveen, N., Ali, L., Vlaemynck, B., Schepers, R., Hahné, S. J. M., Reusken, C. B. E. M., de Melker, H. E., van den Hof, S., & Knol, M. J. (2022). Protection of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nature communications, 13(1), Article 4738. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31838-8

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title = "Protection of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections",

abstract = "Given the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants and the roll-out of booster COVID-19 vaccination, evidence is needed on protection conferred by primary vaccination, booster vaccination and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection by variant. We employed a test-negative design on S-gene target failure data from community PCR testing in the Netherlands from 22 November 2021 to 31 March 2022 (n = 671,763). Previous infection, primary vaccination or both protected well against Delta infection. Protection against Omicron BA.1 infection was much lower compared to Delta. Protection was similar against Omicron BA.1 compared to BA.2 infection after previous infection, primary and booster vaccination. Higher protection was observed against all variants in individuals with both vaccination and previous infection compared with either one. Protection against all variants decreased over time since last vaccination or infection. We found that primary vaccination with current COVID-19 vaccines and previous SARS-CoV-2 infections offered low protection against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 infection. Booster vaccination considerably increased protection against Omicron infection, but decreased rapidly after vaccination.",

author = "Andeweg, \{Stijn P.\} and \{de Gier\}, Brechje and Dirk Eggink and \{van den Ende\}, Caroline and \{van Maarseveen\}, Noortje and Lubna Ali and Boris Vlaemynck and Raf Schepers and Hahn{\'e}, \{Susan J. M.\} and Reusken, \{Chantal B. E. M.\} and \{de Melker\}, \{Hester E.\} and \{van den Hof\}, Susan and Knol, \{Mirjam J.\}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all personnel at the 25 Public Health Services, and the members of the RIVM COVID-19 surveillance and epidemiology team: Agnetha Hofhuis, Anne Teirlinck, Anne-Wil Valk, Bronke Boudewijns, Carolien Verstraten, Claudia Laarman, Femke Jongenotter, Fleur Petit, Guido Willekens, Irene Veldhuijzen, Jan Polman, Jan van de Kassteele, Janneke van Heereveld, Janneke Heijne, Kirsten Bulsink, Liselotte van Asten, Liz Jenniskens, Lieke Wielders, Loes Soetens, Maarten Mulder, Maarten Schipper, Marit de Lange, Naomi Smorenburg, Nienke Neppelenbroek, Patrick van den Berg, Priscila de Oliveira Bressane Lima, Rolina van Gaalen, Senna van Iersel, Sim{\'e}on de Bruijn, Sjoerd Wierenga, Susan Lanooij, Sylvia Keijser, Tara Smit, Thomas Dalhuisen, Don Klinkenberg, Jantien Backer, Pieter de Boer, Scott McDonald, Amber Maxwell, Annabel Niessen, Danytza Berry, Daphne van Wees, Henri van Werkhoven, Eric Vos, Frederika Dijkstra, Jeanet Kemmeren, Kylie Ainslie, Albert Jan van Hoek, Birgit van Benthem, Eveline Geubbels, Jacco Wallinga, Rianne van Gageldonk-Lafeber. This work was funded by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

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doi = "10.1038/s41467-022-31838-8",

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Andeweg, SP, de Gier, B, Eggink, D , van den Ende, C, van Maarseveen, N, Ali, L, Vlaemynck, B, Schepers, R, Hahné, SJM, Reusken, CBEM, de Melker, HE, van den Hof, S & Knol, MJ 2022, 'Protection of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections', Nature communications, vol. 13, no. 1, 4738. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31838-8

TY - JOUR

T1 - Protection of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections

AU - Andeweg, Stijn P.

AU - de Gier, Brechje

AU - Eggink, Dirk

AU - van den Ende, Caroline

AU - van Maarseveen, Noortje

AU - Ali, Lubna

AU - Vlaemynck, Boris

AU - Schepers, Raf

AU - Hahné, Susan J. M.

AU - Reusken, Chantal B. E. M.

AU - de Melker, Hester E.

AU - van den Hof, Susan

AU - Knol, Mirjam J.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all personnel at the 25 Public Health Services, and the members of the RIVM COVID-19 surveillance and epidemiology team: Agnetha Hofhuis, Anne Teirlinck, Anne-Wil Valk, Bronke Boudewijns, Carolien Verstraten, Claudia Laarman, Femke Jongenotter, Fleur Petit, Guido Willekens, Irene Veldhuijzen, Jan Polman, Jan van de Kassteele, Janneke van Heereveld, Janneke Heijne, Kirsten Bulsink, Liselotte van Asten, Liz Jenniskens, Lieke Wielders, Loes Soetens, Maarten Mulder, Maarten Schipper, Marit de Lange, Naomi Smorenburg, Nienke Neppelenbroek, Patrick van den Berg, Priscila de Oliveira Bressane Lima, Rolina van Gaalen, Senna van Iersel, Siméon de Bruijn, Sjoerd Wierenga, Susan Lanooij, Sylvia Keijser, Tara Smit, Thomas Dalhuisen, Don Klinkenberg, Jantien Backer, Pieter de Boer, Scott McDonald, Amber Maxwell, Annabel Niessen, Danytza Berry, Daphne van Wees, Henri van Werkhoven, Eric Vos, Frederika Dijkstra, Jeanet Kemmeren, Kylie Ainslie, Albert Jan van Hoek, Birgit van Benthem, Eveline Geubbels, Jacco Wallinga, Rianne van Gageldonk-Lafeber. This work was funded by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS). Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).

PY - 2022/12/1

Y1 - 2022/12/1

N2 - Given the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants and the roll-out of booster COVID-19 vaccination, evidence is needed on protection conferred by primary vaccination, booster vaccination and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection by variant. We employed a test-negative design on S-gene target failure data from community PCR testing in the Netherlands from 22 November 2021 to 31 March 2022 (n = 671,763). Previous infection, primary vaccination or both protected well against Delta infection. Protection against Omicron BA.1 infection was much lower compared to Delta. Protection was similar against Omicron BA.1 compared to BA.2 infection after previous infection, primary and booster vaccination. Higher protection was observed against all variants in individuals with both vaccination and previous infection compared with either one. Protection against all variants decreased over time since last vaccination or infection. We found that primary vaccination with current COVID-19 vaccines and previous SARS-CoV-2 infections offered low protection against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 infection. Booster vaccination considerably increased protection against Omicron infection, but decreased rapidly after vaccination.

AB - Given the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants and the roll-out of booster COVID-19 vaccination, evidence is needed on protection conferred by primary vaccination, booster vaccination and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection by variant. We employed a test-negative design on S-gene target failure data from community PCR testing in the Netherlands from 22 November 2021 to 31 March 2022 (n = 671,763). Previous infection, primary vaccination or both protected well against Delta infection. Protection against Omicron BA.1 infection was much lower compared to Delta. Protection was similar against Omicron BA.1 compared to BA.2 infection after previous infection, primary and booster vaccination. Higher protection was observed against all variants in individuals with both vaccination and previous infection compared with either one. Protection against all variants decreased over time since last vaccination or infection. We found that primary vaccination with current COVID-19 vaccines and previous SARS-CoV-2 infections offered low protection against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 infection. Booster vaccination considerably increased protection against Omicron infection, but decreased rapidly after vaccination.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85135817888

U2 - 10.1038/s41467-022-31838-8

DO - 10.1038/s41467-022-31838-8

M3 - Article

C2 - 35961956

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 13

JO - Nature communications

JF - Nature communications

IS - 1

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ER -

Protection of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections

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