Macrophage Activation in Follicular Conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Carla Enrica Gallenga; Martina Maritati; Marco Mura; Francesco di Virgilio; Pio Conti; Carlo Contini

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11092198

Macrophage Activation in Follicular Conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Carla Enrica Gallenga^*
, Martina Maritati
, Marco Mura
, Francesco di Virgilio
, Pio Conti
, Carlo Contini

^*Corresponding author for this work

University of Ferrara
University Hospital of Cona
Santa Maria Maddalena NH
Gabriele d'Annunzio University
Tufts University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

13 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Among the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, follicular conjunctivitis has become relevant. The conjunctiva acts as an open lymph node, reacting to the viral antigen that binds the epithelial cells, forming follicles of B cells with activated T cells and NK cells on its surface, which, in turn, talk to monocyte-derived inflammatory infected macrophages. Here, the NLRP3 inflammasome is a major driver in releasing pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and caspase-1, leading to follicular conjunctivitis and bulbar congestion, even as isolated signs in the ‘asymptomatic’ patient.

Original language	English
Article number	2198
Journal	Microorganisms
Volume	11
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092198
Publication status	Published - 1 Sept 2023

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

ACE2&TMPRSS2
COVID-19
P2X7R
follicular conjunctivitis
macrophages and activated T cells

Access to Document

10.3390/microorganisms11092198

Macrophage-activation-in-follicular-conjunctivitis-during-the-covid-19-pandemic.pdfFinal published version, 748 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

@article{0f006e7b0e564999b22a90fc7e0c0e26,

title = "Macrophage Activation in Follicular Conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 Pandemic",

abstract = "Among the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, follicular conjunctivitis has become relevant. The conjunctiva acts as an open lymph node, reacting to the viral antigen that binds the epithelial cells, forming follicles of B cells with activated T cells and NK cells on its surface, which, in turn, talk to monocyte-derived inflammatory infected macrophages. Here, the NLRP3 inflammasome is a major driver in releasing pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and caspase-1, leading to follicular conjunctivitis and bulbar congestion, even as isolated signs in the {\textquoteleft}asymptomatic{\textquoteright} patient.",

keywords = "ACE2\&TMPRSS2, COVID-19, P2X7R, follicular conjunctivitis, macrophages and activated T cells",

author = "Gallenga, \{Carla Enrica\} and Martina Maritati and Marco Mura and \{di Virgilio\}, Francesco and Pio Conti and Carlo Contini",

note = "Funding Information: Supported by institutional funds from the University of Ferrara to F.D.V. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 by the authors.",

year = "2023",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3390/microorganisms11092198",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

journal = "Microorganisms",

issn = "2076-2607",

publisher = "MDPI AG",

number = "9",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Macrophage Activation in Follicular Conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 Pandemic

AU - Gallenga, Carla Enrica

AU - Maritati, Martina

AU - Mura, Marco

AU - di Virgilio, Francesco

AU - Conti, Pio

AU - Contini, Carlo

PY - 2023/9/1

Y1 - 2023/9/1

N2 - Among the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, follicular conjunctivitis has become relevant. The conjunctiva acts as an open lymph node, reacting to the viral antigen that binds the epithelial cells, forming follicles of B cells with activated T cells and NK cells on its surface, which, in turn, talk to monocyte-derived inflammatory infected macrophages. Here, the NLRP3 inflammasome is a major driver in releasing pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and caspase-1, leading to follicular conjunctivitis and bulbar congestion, even as isolated signs in the ‘asymptomatic’ patient.

AB - Among the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, follicular conjunctivitis has become relevant. The conjunctiva acts as an open lymph node, reacting to the viral antigen that binds the epithelial cells, forming follicles of B cells with activated T cells and NK cells on its surface, which, in turn, talk to monocyte-derived inflammatory infected macrophages. Here, the NLRP3 inflammasome is a major driver in releasing pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and caspase-1, leading to follicular conjunctivitis and bulbar congestion, even as isolated signs in the ‘asymptomatic’ patient.

KW - ACE2&TMPRSS2

KW - COVID-19

KW - P2X7R

KW - follicular conjunctivitis

KW - macrophages and activated T cells

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85172808266

U2 - 10.3390/microorganisms11092198

DO - 10.3390/microorganisms11092198

M3 - Article

C2 - 37764042

SN - 2076-2607

VL - 11

JO - Microorganisms

JF - Microorganisms

IS - 9

M1 - 2198

ER -

Macrophage Activation in Follicular Conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this