Liver function disturbances in Guillain-Barré syndrome: A prospective longitudinal study in 100 patients

In 100 consecutive patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, we assessed liver function on admission and at fixed intervals after either intravenous immunoglobulin (IgIV) or plasma-exchange (PE) treatment. On admission, 38% showed a plasma alanine aminotransferase elevation, gamma glutamyl transferase elevation, or both of more than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal. Ten of these patients had serologic evidence of recent cytomegalovirus infection. The remaining 28 patients were negative for other known causes of liver damage, including infection with Epstein-Barr virus or hepatitis A, B, and C; alcohol abuse; hepatotoxic drugs; recent surgery; and concurrent liver disease. In a hospital control group of 100 consecutive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, only 5 had unexplained liver function disturbances on admission (p < 0.0001). In the IgIV-treated group, the percentage of patients with elevated liver function tests increased from 35% before to 69% shortly after treatment at 2 weeks postadmission (p < 0.005). In the PE-treated group, this percentage decreased somewhat from 41% to 36% (not significant). There was also a significant rise in median plasma activity of the various liver enzymes in the IgIV group. At 1 month, however, significant difference had disappeared. At 3 and 6 months, the percentage of patients with liver function disturbances reached a significantly lower level in both treatment groups compared with the time of admission. We concluded that many patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome had mild liver function disturbances without obvious cause. In addition, IgIV treatment was associated with mild transient liver function disturbances through an unknown mechanism.