Improvement of the CRISPR-Cpf1 system with ribozyme-processed crRNA

The recently discovered clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cpf1 system expands the genome editing toolbox. This system exhibits several distinct features compared to the widely used CRISPR-Cas9 system, but has reduced gene editing efficiency. To optimize the CRISPR-Cpf1 (Cas12a) system, we report the inclusion of self-cleaving ribozymes that facilitate processing of the crRNA transcript to produce the precise guide molecule. Insertion of the 3ʹ-terminal HDV ribozyme boosted the gene editing activity of the CRISPR-Cpf1 system ranging from 1.1 to 5.2 fold. We also demonstrate that this design can enhance CRISPR-based gene activation. We thus generated an improved CRISPR-Cpf1 system for more efficient gene editing and gene regulation.