Exploring the Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Shprintzen-Goldberg Syndrome; a Novel Cohort and Literature Review

Shprintzen-Goldberg-syndrome (SGS) is caused by pathogenic exon 1 variants of SKI. Symptoms include dysmorphic features, skeletal and cardiovascular comorbidities, and cognitive and developmental impairments. We delineated the neurodevelopmental and behavioral features of SGS, as they are not well-documented. We collected physician-reported data of people with molecularly confirmed SGS through an international collaboration. We identified and deep-phenotyped the neurodevelopmental and behavioral features in four patients. Within our cohort, all exhibited developmental delays in motor skills and/or speech, with the average age of first words at 2 years and 6 months and independent walking at 3 years and 5 months. All four had learning disabilities and difficulties regulating emotions and behavior. Intellectual disability, ranging from borderline to moderate, was present in all four participants. Moreover, we reviewed the literature and identified 52 additional people with SGS, and summarized the features across both datasets. Mean age was 23 years (9–48 years). When combining our cohort and reported cases, we found that 80% (45/56) had developmental and/or cognitive impairment, with the remainder having normal intelligence. Our study elucidates the developmental, cognitive, and behavioral features in participants with SGS and contributes to a better understanding of this rare condition.