Enterovirus-associated deafness and myositis in an immunocompromised patient with in vivo and in vitro efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins and remdesivir: Case report

Enteroviruses can cause severe, chronic infections in patients with primary and secondary humoral immunodeficiencies. These patients may benefit from anti-enteroviral therapy. Here, we report a patient with mantle cell lymphoma treated with chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation and rituximab maintenance therapy, who presented with echovirus 7-associated deafness and myositis leading to severe disability. She showed marked clinical improvement and enterovirus clearance from faeces and blood after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIgs) followed by remdesivir. We demonstrated efficacy of IVIg and remdesivir against echovirus 7 using virus neutralization and cell culture assays, which supports a potential contribution to the treatment success for both therapies.