Dye-based chromoendoscopy for the detection of colorectal neoplasia: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and Aims: Dye-based chromoendoscopy (DBC) could be effective in increasing the adenoma detection rate (ADR) in patients undergoing colonoscopy, but the technique is time-consuming and its uptake is limited. We aimed to assess the effect of DBC on ADR based on available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Four databases were searched up to April 2022 for RCTs comparing DBC with conventional colonoscopy (CC) in terms of ADR, advanced ADR, and sessile serrated adenoma detection rate as well as the mean adenomas per patient and non-neoplastic lesions. Relative risk (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes were calculated using random-effect models. The I2 test was used for quantifying heterogeneity. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane tool. Results: Overall, 10 RCTs (5334 patients) were included. Indication for colonoscopy was screening or surveillance (3 studies) and mixed (7 studies). Pooled ADR was higher in the DBC group versus the CC group (95% CI, 48.1% [41.4%-54.8%] vs 39.3% [33.5%-46.4%]; RR, 1.20 [1.11-1.29]), with low heterogeneity (I2 = 29%). This effect was consistent for advanced ADR (RR, 1.21 [1.03-1.42]; I2 = .0%), sessile serrated adenomas (6.1% vs 3.5%; RR, 1.68 [1.15-2.47]; I2 = 9.8%), and mean adenomas per patient (MD, .24 [.17-.31]) overall and in the right-sided colon (MD, .28 [.14-.43]). A subgroup analysis considering only trials using high-definition white-light endoscopy reduced the heterogeneity while still showing a significant increase in adenoma detection with DBC: 51.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.1%-56.1%) and 59.1% (95% CI, 54.7-63.3%), RR = 1.14 (95% CI, 1.06-1.23), P = .0004, I2 = .0%, P = .50. Conclusions: Meta-analysis of RCTs showed that DBC increases key quality parameters in colonoscopy, supporting its use in everyday clinical practice.