Differential expression of polyamine pathways in human pancreatic tumor progression and effects of polyamine blockade on tumor microenvironment

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Existing therapies only mod-erately improve pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patient prognosis. The present study investigates the importance of the polyamine metabolism in the pancreatic tumor microenviron-ment. Relative mRNA expression analysis identified differential expression of polyamine biosyn-thesis, homeostasis, and transport mediators in both pancreatic epithelial and stromal cells from low‐grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN‐1) or primary PDAC patient samples. We found dysregulated mRNA levels that encode for proteins associated with the polyamine pathway of PDAC tumors compared to early lesions. Next, bioinformatic databases were used to assess expression of select genes involved in polyamine metabolism and their impact on patient survival. Higher expression of pro‐polyamine genes was associated with poor patient prognosis, supporting the use of a polyamine blockade therapy (PBT) strategy for inhibiting pancreatic tumor progression. Moreover, PBT treatment of syngeneic mice injected intra‐pancreatic with PAN 02 tumor cells re-sulted in increased survival and decreased tumor weights of PDAC‐bearing mice. Histological assessment of PBT‐treated tumors revealed macrophage presence and significantly increased expression of CD86, a T cell co‐stimulatory marker. Collectively, therapies which target polyamine metabolism can be used to disrupt tumor progression, modulate tumor microenvironment, and extend overall survival.