Diagnosis and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow

This article aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow. Osteochondritis dissecans is a disorder of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone, resulting in separation of the subchondral bone and overlying cartilage, and ultimately damage to the joint. Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow occurs most frequently in teenagers engaged in sports that involve repetitive stress on the elbow and is characterized by pain and swelling of the elbow during activity, which subsides with rest. Lesions occur most frequently in the capitellum, which is anatomically susceptibile to such damage. A high degree of suspicion is warranted to prevent delay in diagnosis, which is confirmed with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment options include non-operative treatment, arthroscopic debridement (optionally with microfracturing), fragment fixation, osteochondral autologous transfer, and corrective osteotomy. With adequate treatment, restored range of motion and return to sport can be achieved in the majority of patients. In the long-term, osteochondritis dissecans has been linked to degenerative changes in the joint.