Des-acyl ghrelin analogs prevent high-fat-diet-induced dysregulation of glucose homeostasis

There is clinical evidence that des-acyl ghrelin (DAG) favorably modulates glucose and lipid metabolism, although its mode of action is unknown. A murine model of prediabetes was used to assess possible mechanisms of action for DAG and a newly developed bioactive analog, AZP531. C57BL/6J mice were infused with saline, DAG, or AZP531 continuously for 4 wk, and fed either normal diet (ND) or normal diet for 2 wk followed by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 wk. Compared with mice in the ND group, HFD increased body and fat mass, caused glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, had proinflammatory effects in white adipose tissue, and caused lipid accumulation in brown adipose tissue. DAG and AZP531 treatment prevented HFD-induced proinflammatory effects, stimulated expression of mitochondrial function markers in brown adipose tissue, and prevented development of a prediabetic metabolic state. AZP531 also prevented a HFDinduced increase in acyl ghrelin levels. Our data indicate DAG analogs as potential treatment for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.