Confounding by indication in observational studies investigating glucocorticoid-associated adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review including an assessment ofE-values

Andriko Palmowski; Anne Elisabeth Beenken; Anne Pankow; Judith Oldenkott; Henriette Käding; Edgar Wiebe; Zhivana Boyadzhieva; Eric L. Matteson; Ioanna Minopoulou; Thorben Witte; David Simon; Maarten Boers; Arnd Kleyer; Frank Buttgereit

doi:10.1016/j.ard.2025.10.008

Confounding by indication in observational studies investigating glucocorticoid-associated adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review including an assessment ofE-values

Andriko Palmowski^*
, Anne Elisabeth Beenken
, Anne Pankow
, Judith Oldenkott
, Henriette Käding
, Edgar Wiebe
, Zhivana Boyadzhieva
, Eric L. Matteson
, Ioanna Minopoulou
, Thorben Witte
, David Simon
, Maarten Boers
, Arnd Kleyer
, Frank Buttgereit

^*Corresponding author for this work

Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
University of Copenhagen
German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin
Berliner Institut für Gesundheitsforschung
Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN
Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP)
Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
Amsterdam UMC

Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/Letter to the editor › Academic

Original language	English
Journal	Annals of the rheumatic diseases
Early online date	2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ard.2025.10.008
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 2025

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10.1016/j.ard.2025.10.008

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Palmowski, A., Beenken, A. E., Pankow, A., Oldenkott, J., Käding, H., Wiebe, E., Boyadzhieva, Z., Matteson, E. L., Minopoulou, I., Witte, T., Simon, D., Boers, M., Kleyer, A., & Buttgereit, F. (2025). Confounding by indication in observational studies investigating glucocorticoid-associated adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review including an assessment ofE-values. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ard.2025.10.008

@article{89eca1799c7343b39f789b4c6d06c582,

title = "Confounding by indication in observational studies investigating glucocorticoid-associated adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review including an assessment ofE-values",

author = "Andriko Palmowski and Beenken, \{Anne Elisabeth\} and Anne Pankow and Judith Oldenkott and Henriette K{\"a}ding and Edgar Wiebe and Zhivana Boyadzhieva and Matteson, \{Eric L.\} and Ioanna Minopoulou and Thorben Witte and David Simon and Maarten Boers and Arnd Kleyer and Frank Buttgereit",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1016/j.ard.2025.10.008",

language = "English",

journal = "Annals of the rheumatic diseases",

issn = "0003-4967",

publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",

}

Palmowski, A, Beenken, AE, Pankow, A, Oldenkott, J, Käding, H, Wiebe, E, Boyadzhieva, Z, Matteson, EL, Minopoulou, I, Witte, T, Simon, D, Boers, M, Kleyer, A & Buttgereit, F 2025, 'Confounding by indication in observational studies investigating glucocorticoid-associated adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review including an assessment ofE-values', Annals of the rheumatic diseases. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ard.2025.10.008

Confounding by indication in observational studies investigating glucocorticoid-associated adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review including an assessment ofE-values. / Palmowski, Andriko; Beenken, Anne Elisabeth; Pankow, Anne et al.
In: Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2025.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/Letter to the editor › Academic

TY - JOUR

T1 - Confounding by indication in observational studies investigating glucocorticoid-associated adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

T2 - a systematic literature review including an assessment ofE-values

AU - Palmowski, Andriko

AU - Beenken, Anne Elisabeth

AU - Pankow, Anne

AU - Oldenkott, Judith

AU - Käding, Henriette

AU - Wiebe, Edgar

AU - Boyadzhieva, Zhivana

AU - Matteson, Eric L.

AU - Minopoulou, Ioanna

AU - Witte, Thorben

AU - Simon, David

AU - Boers, Maarten

AU - Kleyer, Arnd

AU - Buttgereit, Frank

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105023840586

U2 - 10.1016/j.ard.2025.10.008

DO - 10.1016/j.ard.2025.10.008

M3 - Comment/Letter to the editor

C2 - 41238491

SN - 0003-4967

JO - Annals of the rheumatic diseases

JF - Annals of the rheumatic diseases

ER -

Confounding by indication in observational studies investigating glucocorticoid-associated adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review including an assessment ofE-values

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