Completely thoracoscopic pulmonary vein isolation with ganglionic plexus ablation and left atrial appendage amputation for treatment of atrial fibrillation

Objective: Percutaneous catheter pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has been the preferred choice for invasive treatment of symptomatic, drug-refractory lone atrial fibrillation (AF). Incomplete ablation lines, procedure-related morbidity and long-term success remain, however, a problem. A minimally invasive surgical approach can provide an attractive and secure alternative. Surgery offers an epicardial, bipolar approach under direct vision, but the invasiveness of surgery remains a problem. Therefore, we developed a completely thoracoscopic procedure. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of a completely thoracoscopic surgical procedure to cure lone AF. Methods: Bilateral 'video-assisted thoracoscopy' was performed to isolate the bilateral pairs of pulmonary veins using bipolar RF-energy, to ablate the ganglionic plexus (GP) and to amputate the left atrial appendage. Preoperative, in-hospital and follow-up data were collected for our first 30 patients. Results: AF was paroxysmal in 63%, persistent in 27% and permanent in 10% of cases. The mean (+/-SD) left atrial diameter was 42.1 +/- 7.4 mm and the mean duration of AF was 79.0 +/- 63.9 months. Freedom from AF was obtained in 77% of the patients during a mean follow-up of 11.6 months. Forty-three percent of the patients had previously undergone a percutaneous PVI and were all free from AF during follow-up. Mean operation time was 137.4 +/- 24.7 min. All patients were extubated in the operating room and left the recovery room within 12 h. The mean hospital stay was 5.1 +/- 1.8 days. Two patients ultimately underwent a median sternotomy. No CVAs or pacemaker implantation were identified and none of the patients died. Conclusion: We report our initial experience of a completely thoracoscopic PVI with GP-ablation and amputation of the left atrial appendage and demonstrate that the procedure is feasible, safe and effective for the treatment of lone AF. (C) 2010 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved