Cognitive assessment tools for Arabic-speaking older adults: A systematic review

This systematic review aims to identify available cognitive assessments for Arabic-speaking older adults and to assess their validity and performance. A comprehensive search was conducted using Medline, Embase, and APA PsycInfo up to November 2023, encompassing studies validating or using cognitive tools in Arabic for individuals aged ≥ 50. We identified 29 validation studies for 20 cognitive tools and 125 studies using cognitive tools. Three tools were validated in more than one study/setting. Cut-offs for dementia were validated for 16 tools (including two domain-specific tools) and for cognitive impairment for three tools. The Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were the most frequently validated and used tools. The results highlight a large need for improved psychometric data for cognitive assessments for Arabic-speaking older adults and identify important gaps in knowledge regarding domain-specific tools, the detection of cognitive changes, and the suitability of assessments across different settings and subgroups. Highlights: We reviewed the availability and properties of cognitive assessments in Arabic. Psychometric data on cognitive tools for older Arabic-speaking adults are scarce. Only three tools are validated in more than one study/setting. Data are largely lacking for domain-specific tools and early cognitive changes. The review identifies important methodology, reporting, and reproducibility issues.