@article{95bd0a2780f0488e8c97c773827e5e31,
title = "Brain age gap in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis",
abstract = "Objective: To evaluate the clinical significance of deep learning-derived brain age prediction in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) relative to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: This cohort study used data retrospectively collected from 6 tertiary neurological centres in China between 2009 and 2018. In total, 199 patients with NMOSD and 200 patients with RRMS were studied alongside 269 healthy controls. Clinical follow-up was available in 85 patients with NMOSD and 124 patients with RRMS (mean duration NMOSD=5.8±1.9 (1.9-9.9) years, RRMS=5.2±1.7 (1.5-9.2) years). Deep learning was used to learn 'brain age' from MRI scans in the healthy controls and estimate the brain age gap (BAG) in patients. Results: A significantly higher BAG was found in the NMOSD (5.4±8.2 years) and RRMS (13.0±14.7 years) groups compared with healthy controls. A higher baseline disability score and advanced brain volume loss were associated with increased BAG in both patient groups. A longer disease duration was associated with increased BAG in RRMS. BAG significantly predicted Expanded Disability Status Scale worsening in patients with NMOSD and RRMS. Conclusions: There is a clear BAG in NMOSD, although smaller than in RRMS. The BAG is a clinically relevant MRI marker in NMOSD and RRMS.",
keywords = "MRI, multiple sclerosis, neuroimmunology, neuroradiology",
author = "Ren Wei and Xiaolu Xu and Yunyun Duan and Ningnannan Zhang and Jie Sun and Haiqing Li and Yuxin Li and Yongmei Li and Chun Zeng and Xuemei Han and Fuqing Zhou and Muhua Huang and Runzhi Li and Zhizheng Zhuo and Frederik Barkhof and \{H Cole\}, James and Yaou Liu",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81870958), the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. JQ20035), Beijing Young Scholarship and the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research (CFH2022-1-2042). FB is supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at UCLH Funding Information: FB acts as a consultant for Combinostics, Biogen-Idec, Janssen, IXICO, Merck-Serono, Novartis and Roche. He has received grants, or grants are pending, from the Amyloid Imaging to Prevent Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease (AMYPAD) initiative, the Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals, the Dutch MS Society, ECTRIMS–MAGNIMS, EU-H2020, the Dutch Research Council (NWO), the UK MS Society and the National Institute for Health Research, University College London. He has received payments for the development of educational presentations from IXICO and his institution from Biogen-Idec and Merck. He is co-founder of Queen Square Analytics. He is on the editorial board of Radiology, Neuroradiology, Multiple Sclerosis Journal and Neurology. JHC is a scientific consultant to and shareholder in BrainKey and Claritas Healthcare, as has worked as a consultant to Queen Square Analytics. Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81870958), the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. JQ20035), Beijing Young Scholarship and the Capital{\textquoteright}s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (CFH2022-1-2042). FB is supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at UCLH. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}",
year = "2022",
month = oct,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1136/jnnp-2022-329680",
language = "English",
volume = "94",
pages = "31--37",
journal = "Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry",
issn = "0022-3050",
publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}