Body mass index and subsequent fracture risk: a meta-analysis to update FRAX

Nicholas C. Harvey; Helena Johansson; Eugene V. McCloskey; Enwu Liu; Kristina E. Åkesson; Fred A. Anderson; Rafael Azagra-Ledesma; Cecilie L. Bager; Charlotte Beaudart; Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari; Emmanuel Biver; Olivier Bruyère; Jane A. Cauley; Jacqueline R. Center; Roland Chapurlat; Claus Christiansen; Cyrus Cooper; Carolyn J. Crandall; Steven R. Cummings; José A. P. da Silva; Bess Dawson-Hughes; Adolfo Diez-Perez; Alyssa B. Dufour; John A. Eisman; Petra J. M. Elders; Serge Ferrari; Yuki Fujita; Saeko Fujiwara; Claus-Christian Glüer; Inbal Goldshtein; David Goltzman; Vilmundur Gudnason; Jill Hall; Didier Hans; Mari Hoff; Rosemary J. Hollick; Martijn Huisman; Masayuki Iki; Sophia Ish-Shalom; Graeme Jones; Magnus K. Karlsson; Sundeep Khosla; Douglas P. Kiel; Woon-Puay Koh; Fjorda Koromani; Mark A. Kotowicz; Heikki Kröger; Timothy Kwok; Olivier Lamy; Arnulf Langhammer; Bagher Larijani; Kurt Lippuner; Fiona E. A. McGuigan; Dan Mellström; Thomas Merlijn; Tuan V. Nguyen; Anna Nordström; Peter Nordström; Terence W. O’Neill; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch; Claes Ohlsson; Eric S. Orwoll; Julie A. Pasco; Fernando Rivadeneira; Berit Schei; Anne-Marie Schott; Eric J. Shiroma; Kristin Siggeirsdottir; Eleanor M. Simonsick; Elisabeth Sornay-Rendu; Reijo Sund; Karin M. A. Swart; Pawel Szulc; Junko Tamaki; David J. Torgerson; Natasja M. van Schoor; Tjeerd P. van Staa; Joan Vila; Nicholas J. Wareham; Nicole C. Wright; Noriko Yoshimura; M. Carola Zillikens; Marta Zwart; Liesbeth Vandenput; Mattias Lorentzon; William D. Leslie; John A. Kanis

doi:10.1093/jbmr/zjaf091

Body mass index and subsequent fracture risk: a meta-analysis to update FRAX

Nicholas C. Harvey^*
, Helena Johansson
, Eugene V. McCloskey
, Enwu Liu
, Kristina E. Åkesson
, Fred A. Anderson
, Rafael Azagra-Ledesma
, Cecilie L. Bager
, Charlotte Beaudart
, Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari
, Emmanuel Biver
, Olivier Bruyère
, Jane A. Cauley
, Jacqueline R. Center
, Roland Chapurlat
, Claus Christiansen
, Cyrus Cooper
, Carolyn J. Crandall
, Steven R. Cummings
, José A. P. da Silva

Bess Dawson-Hughes, Adolfo Diez-Perez, Alyssa B. Dufour, John A. Eisman, Petra J. M. Elders, Serge Ferrari, Yuki Fujita, Saeko Fujiwara, Claus-Christian Glüer, Inbal Goldshtein, David Goltzman, Vilmundur Gudnason, Jill Hall, Didier Hans, Mari Hoff, Rosemary J. Hollick, Martijn Huisman, Masayuki Iki, Sophia Ish-Shalom, Graeme Jones, Magnus K. Karlsson, Sundeep Khosla, Douglas P. Kiel, Woon-Puay Koh, Fjorda Koromani, Mark A. Kotowicz, Heikki Kröger, Timothy Kwok, Olivier Lamy, Arnulf Langhammer, Bagher Larijani, Kurt Lippuner, Fiona E. A. McGuigan, Dan Mellström, Thomas Merlijn, Tuan V. Nguyen, Anna Nordström, Peter Nordström, Terence W. O’Neill, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Claes Ohlsson, Eric S. Orwoll, Julie A. Pasco, Fernando Rivadeneira, Berit Schei, Anne-Marie Schott, Eric J. Shiroma, Kristin Siggeirsdottir, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Elisabeth Sornay-Rendu, Reijo Sund, Karin M. A. Swart, Pawel Szulc, Junko Tamaki, David J. Torgerson, Natasja M. van Schoor, Tjeerd P. van Staa, Joan Vila, Nicholas J. Wareham, Nicole C. Wright, Noriko Yoshimura, M. Carola Zillikens, Marta Zwart, Liesbeth Vandenput, Mattias Lorentzon, William D. Leslie, John A. Kanis

^*Corresponding author for this work

MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit
University of Southampton
University of Sheffield
South Australian Health And Medical Research Institute
Lund University
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Autonomous University of Barcelona
Generalitat de Catalunya
GROICAP
PRECIOSA-Fundación Para La Investigación
Nordic Bioscience AS
Universite de Namur
University of Basel
University of Zurich
University of Geneva
University of Liege
University of Pittsburgh
Garvan Institute of Medical Research
University of New South Wales
Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1
University of Oxford
University of California at Los Angeles
California Pacific Medical Center
University of Coimbra
Tufts University
Children's Healthcare of Atlanta
Harvard University
University of Notre Dame Australia
Amsterdam UMC
Kansai Medical University
Yasuda Women's University
Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel
Maccabi Healthcare Services
Tel Aviv University
McGill University
Icelandic Heart Association
University of Iceland
University of Edinburgh
University of Lausanne
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
University of Aberdeen
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Kindai University
Elisha Hospital
University of Tasmania
Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN
National University of Singapore
Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Deakin University
Barwon Health
University of Melbourne
University of Eastern Finland
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
University of Bern
University of Gothenburg
Sahlgrenska University Hospital
University of Technology Sydney
Tam Anh Hospital
University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway
Mid Sweden University
Uppsala University
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
University of Manchester
Medical University of Graz
Oregon Health and Science University
Monash University
National Institutes of Health
Janus Rehabilitation
National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program
Université de Lyon
PHARMO Institute, Utrecht
Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
University of York
Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit
Hospital del Mar
MRC Epidemiology Unit Insitute of Meatabolic Science University of Cambridge
Tulane University
The University of Tokyo
University of Girona
Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol)
University of Manitoba

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Abstract

The aim of this international meta-analysis was to quantify the predictive value of BMI for incident fracture and relationship of this risk with age, sex, follow-up time, and BMD. A total of 1667922 men and women from 32 countries (63 cohorts), followed for a total of 16.0 million person-years were studied. 293325 had FN BMD measured (2.2 million person-years follow-up). An extended Poisson model in each cohort was used to investigate relationships between WHO-defined BMI categories (Underweight: <18.5 kg/m²; Normal: 18.5-24.9 kg/m²; Overweight: 25.0-29.9 kg/m²; Obese I: 30.0-34.9 kg/m²; Obese II: ≥35.0 kg/m²) and risk of incident osteoporotic, major osteoporotic and hip fracture (HF). Inverse-variance weighted β-coefficients were used to merge the cohort-specific results. For the subset with BMD available, in models adjusted for age and follow-up time, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for HF comparing underweight with normal weight was 2.35 (2.10-2.60) in women and for men was 2.45 (1.90-3.17). Hip fracture risk was lower in overweight and obese categories compared to normal weight [obese II vs normal: women 0.66 (0.55-0.80); men 0.91 (0.66-1.26)]. Further adjustment for FN BMD T-score attenuated the increased risk associated with underweight [underweight vs normal: women 1.69 (1.47-1.96); men 1.46 (1.00-2.13)]. In these models, the protective effects of overweight and obesity were attenuated, and in both sexes, the direction of association reversed to higher fracture risk in Obese II category [Obese II vs Normal: women 1.24 (0.97-1.58); men 1.70 (1.06-2.75)]. Results were similar for other fracture outcomes. Underweight is a risk factor for fracture in both men and women regardless of adjustment for BMD. However, while overweight/obesity appeared protective in base models, they became risk factors after additional adjustment for FN BMD, particularly in the Obese II category. This effect in the highest BMI categories was of greater magnitude in men than women. These results will inform the second iteration of FRAX®.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1144-1155
Number of pages	12
Journal	Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Volume	40
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/jbmr/zjaf091
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2025

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

BMI
FRAX
epidemiology
hip fracture
major osteoporotic fracture
meta-analysis
osteoporosis

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Body-mass-index-and-subsequent-fracture-risk.pdfFinal published version, 1.6 MBLicence: CC BY

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Harvey, N. C., Johansson, H., McCloskey, E. V., Liu, E., Åkesson, K. E., Anderson, F. A., Azagra-Ledesma, R., Bager, C. L., Beaudart, C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Biver, E., Bruyère, O., Cauley, J. A., Center, J. R., Chapurlat, R., Christiansen, C., Cooper, C., Crandall, C. J., Cummings, S. R., ... Kanis, J. A. (2025). Body mass index and subsequent fracture risk: a meta-analysis to update FRAX. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 40(10), 1144-1155. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbmr/zjaf091

@article{213c63c8738c46438700a928f18e22b0,

title = "Body mass index and subsequent fracture risk: a meta-analysis to update FRAX",

abstract = "The aim of this international meta-analysis was to quantify the predictive value of BMI for incident fracture and relationship of this risk with age, sex, follow-up time, and BMD. A total of 1667922 men and women from 32 countries (63 cohorts), followed for a total of 16.0 million person-years were studied. 293325 had FN BMD measured (2.2 million person-years follow-up). An extended Poisson model in each cohort was used to investigate relationships between WHO-defined BMI categories (Underweight: <18.5 kg/m2; Normal: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; Overweight: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2; Obese I: 30.0-34.9 kg/m2; Obese II: ≥35.0 kg/m2) and risk of incident osteoporotic, major osteoporotic and hip fracture (HF). Inverse-variance weighted β-coefficients were used to merge the cohort-specific results. For the subset with BMD available, in models adjusted for age and follow-up time, the hazard ratio (95\% CI) for HF comparing underweight with normal weight was 2.35 (2.10-2.60) in women and for men was 2.45 (1.90-3.17). Hip fracture risk was lower in overweight and obese categories compared to normal weight [obese II vs normal: women 0.66 (0.55-0.80); men 0.91 (0.66-1.26)]. Further adjustment for FN BMD T-score attenuated the increased risk associated with underweight [underweight vs normal: women 1.69 (1.47-1.96); men 1.46 (1.00-2.13)]. In these models, the protective effects of overweight and obesity were attenuated, and in both sexes, the direction of association reversed to higher fracture risk in Obese II category [Obese II vs Normal: women 1.24 (0.97-1.58); men 1.70 (1.06-2.75)]. Results were similar for other fracture outcomes. Underweight is a risk factor for fracture in both men and women regardless of adjustment for BMD. However, while overweight/obesity appeared protective in base models, they became risk factors after additional adjustment for FN BMD, particularly in the Obese II category. This effect in the highest BMI categories was of greater magnitude in men than women. These results will inform the second iteration of FRAX{\textregistered}.",

keywords = "BMI, FRAX, epidemiology, hip fracture, major osteoporotic fracture, meta-analysis, osteoporosis",

author = "Harvey, \{Nicholas C.\} and Helena Johansson and McCloskey, \{Eugene V.\} and Enwu Liu and {\AA}kesson, \{Kristina E.\} and Anderson, \{Fred A.\} and Rafael Azagra-Ledesma and Bager, \{Cecilie L.\} and Charlotte Beaudart and Bischoff-Ferrari, \{Heike A.\} and Emmanuel Biver and Olivier Bruy{\`e}re and Cauley, \{Jane A.\} and Center, \{Jacqueline R.\} and Roland Chapurlat and Claus Christiansen and Cyrus Cooper and Crandall, \{Carolyn J.\} and Cummings, \{Steven R.\} and \{da Silva\}, \{Jos{\'e} A. P.\} and Bess Dawson-Hughes and Adolfo Diez-Perez and Dufour, \{Alyssa B.\} and Eisman, \{John A.\} and Elders, \{Petra J. M.\} and Serge Ferrari and Yuki Fujita and Saeko Fujiwara and Claus-Christian Gl{\"u}er and Inbal Goldshtein and David Goltzman and Vilmundur Gudnason and Jill Hall and Didier Hans and Mari Hoff and Hollick, \{Rosemary J.\} and Martijn Huisman and Masayuki Iki and Sophia Ish-Shalom and Graeme Jones and Karlsson, \{Magnus K.\} and Sundeep Khosla and Kiel, \{Douglas P.\} and Woon-Puay Koh and Fjorda Koromani and Kotowicz, \{Mark A.\} and Heikki Kr{\"o}ger and Timothy Kwok and Olivier Lamy and Arnulf Langhammer and Bagher Larijani and Kurt Lippuner and McGuigan, \{Fiona E. A.\} and Dan Mellstr{\"o}m and Thomas Merlijn and Nguyen, \{Tuan V.\} and Anna Nordstr{\"o}m and Peter Nordstr{\"o}m and O{\textquoteright}Neill, \{Terence W.\} and Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch and Claes Ohlsson and Orwoll, \{Eric S.\} and Pasco, \{Julie A.\} and Fernando Rivadeneira and Berit Schei and Anne-Marie Schott and Shiroma, \{Eric J.\} and Kristin Siggeirsdottir and Simonsick, \{Eleanor M.\} and Elisabeth Sornay-Rendu and Reijo Sund and Swart, \{Karin M. A.\} and Pawel Szulc and Junko Tamaki and Torgerson, \{David J.\} and \{van Schoor\}, \{Natasja M.\} and \{van Staa\}, \{Tjeerd P.\} and Joan Vila and Wareham, \{Nicholas J.\} and Wright, \{Nicole C.\} and Noriko Yoshimura and Zillikens, \{M. Carola\} and Marta Zwart and Liesbeth Vandenput and Mattias Lorentzon and Leslie, \{William D.\} and Kanis, \{John A.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.",

year = "2025",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/jbmr/zjaf091",

language = "English",

volume = "40",

pages = "1144--1155",

journal = "Journal of Bone and Mineral Research",

issn = "0884-0431",

publisher = "Wiley Blackwell",

number = "10",

}

Harvey, NC, Johansson, H, McCloskey, EV, Liu, E, Åkesson, KE, Anderson, FA, Azagra-Ledesma, R, Bager, CL, Beaudart, C, Bischoff-Ferrari, HA, Biver, E, Bruyère, O, Cauley, JA, Center, JR, Chapurlat, R, Christiansen, C, Cooper, C, Crandall, CJ, Cummings, SR, da Silva, JAP, Dawson-Hughes, B, Diez-Perez, A, Dufour, AB, Eisman, JA, Elders, PJM, Ferrari, S, Fujita, Y, Fujiwara, S, Glüer, C-C, Goldshtein, I, Goltzman, D, Gudnason, V, Hall, J, Hans, D, Hoff, M, Hollick, RJ, Huisman, M, Iki, M, Ish-Shalom, S, Jones, G, Karlsson, MK, Khosla, S, Kiel, DP, Koh, W-P, Koromani, F, Kotowicz, MA, Kröger, H, Kwok, T, Lamy, O, Langhammer, A, Larijani, B, Lippuner, K, McGuigan, FEA, Mellström, D, Merlijn, T, Nguyen, TV, Nordström, A, Nordström, P, O’Neill, TW, Obermayer-Pietsch, B, Ohlsson, C, Orwoll, ES, Pasco, JA, Rivadeneira, F, Schei, B, Schott, A-M, Shiroma, EJ, Siggeirsdottir, K, Simonsick, EM, Sornay-Rendu, E, Sund, R, Swart, KMA, Szulc, P, Tamaki, J, Torgerson, DJ, van Schoor, NM, van Staa, TP, Vila, J, Wareham, NJ, Wright, NC, Yoshimura, N, Zillikens, MC, Zwart, M, Vandenput, L, Lorentzon, M, Leslie, WD & Kanis, JA 2025, 'Body mass index and subsequent fracture risk: a meta-analysis to update FRAX', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 1144-1155. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbmr/zjaf091

TY - JOUR

T1 - Body mass index and subsequent fracture risk

T2 - a meta-analysis to update FRAX

AU - Harvey, Nicholas C.

AU - Johansson, Helena

AU - McCloskey, Eugene V.

AU - Liu, Enwu

AU - Åkesson, Kristina E.

AU - Anderson, Fred A.

AU - Azagra-Ledesma, Rafael

AU - Bager, Cecilie L.

AU - Beaudart, Charlotte

AU - Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.

AU - Biver, Emmanuel

AU - Bruyère, Olivier

AU - Cauley, Jane A.

AU - Center, Jacqueline R.

AU - Chapurlat, Roland

AU - Christiansen, Claus

AU - Cooper, Cyrus

AU - Crandall, Carolyn J.

AU - Cummings, Steven R.

AU - da Silva, José A. P.

AU - Dawson-Hughes, Bess

AU - Diez-Perez, Adolfo

AU - Dufour, Alyssa B.

AU - Eisman, John A.

AU - Elders, Petra J. M.

AU - Ferrari, Serge

AU - Fujita, Yuki

AU - Fujiwara, Saeko

AU - Glüer, Claus-Christian

AU - Goldshtein, Inbal

AU - Goltzman, David

AU - Gudnason, Vilmundur

AU - Hall, Jill

AU - Hans, Didier

AU - Hoff, Mari

AU - Hollick, Rosemary J.

AU - Huisman, Martijn

AU - Iki, Masayuki

AU - Ish-Shalom, Sophia

AU - Jones, Graeme

AU - Karlsson, Magnus K.

AU - Khosla, Sundeep

AU - Kiel, Douglas P.

AU - Koh, Woon-Puay

AU - Koromani, Fjorda

AU - Kotowicz, Mark A.

AU - Kröger, Heikki

AU - Kwok, Timothy

AU - Lamy, Olivier

AU - Langhammer, Arnulf

AU - Larijani, Bagher

AU - Lippuner, Kurt

AU - McGuigan, Fiona E. A.

AU - Mellström, Dan

AU - Merlijn, Thomas

AU - Nguyen, Tuan V.

AU - Nordström, Anna

AU - Nordström, Peter

AU - O’Neill, Terence W.

AU - Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara

AU - Ohlsson, Claes

AU - Orwoll, Eric S.

AU - Pasco, Julie A.

AU - Rivadeneira, Fernando

AU - Schei, Berit

AU - Schott, Anne-Marie

AU - Shiroma, Eric J.

AU - Siggeirsdottir, Kristin

AU - Simonsick, Eleanor M.

AU - Sornay-Rendu, Elisabeth

AU - Sund, Reijo

AU - Swart, Karin M. A.

AU - Szulc, Pawel

AU - Tamaki, Junko

AU - Torgerson, David J.

AU - van Schoor, Natasja M.

AU - van Staa, Tjeerd P.

AU - Vila, Joan

AU - Wareham, Nicholas J.

AU - Wright, Nicole C.

AU - Yoshimura, Noriko

AU - Zillikens, M. Carola

AU - Zwart, Marta

AU - Vandenput, Liesbeth

AU - Lorentzon, Mattias

AU - Leslie, William D.

AU - Kanis, John A.

PY - 2025/10/1

Y1 - 2025/10/1

N2 - The aim of this international meta-analysis was to quantify the predictive value of BMI for incident fracture and relationship of this risk with age, sex, follow-up time, and BMD. A total of 1667922 men and women from 32 countries (63 cohorts), followed for a total of 16.0 million person-years were studied. 293325 had FN BMD measured (2.2 million person-years follow-up). An extended Poisson model in each cohort was used to investigate relationships between WHO-defined BMI categories (Underweight: <18.5 kg/m2; Normal: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; Overweight: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2; Obese I: 30.0-34.9 kg/m2; Obese II: ≥35.0 kg/m2) and risk of incident osteoporotic, major osteoporotic and hip fracture (HF). Inverse-variance weighted β-coefficients were used to merge the cohort-specific results. For the subset with BMD available, in models adjusted for age and follow-up time, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for HF comparing underweight with normal weight was 2.35 (2.10-2.60) in women and for men was 2.45 (1.90-3.17). Hip fracture risk was lower in overweight and obese categories compared to normal weight [obese II vs normal: women 0.66 (0.55-0.80); men 0.91 (0.66-1.26)]. Further adjustment for FN BMD T-score attenuated the increased risk associated with underweight [underweight vs normal: women 1.69 (1.47-1.96); men 1.46 (1.00-2.13)]. In these models, the protective effects of overweight and obesity were attenuated, and in both sexes, the direction of association reversed to higher fracture risk in Obese II category [Obese II vs Normal: women 1.24 (0.97-1.58); men 1.70 (1.06-2.75)]. Results were similar for other fracture outcomes. Underweight is a risk factor for fracture in both men and women regardless of adjustment for BMD. However, while overweight/obesity appeared protective in base models, they became risk factors after additional adjustment for FN BMD, particularly in the Obese II category. This effect in the highest BMI categories was of greater magnitude in men than women. These results will inform the second iteration of FRAX®.

AB - The aim of this international meta-analysis was to quantify the predictive value of BMI for incident fracture and relationship of this risk with age, sex, follow-up time, and BMD. A total of 1667922 men and women from 32 countries (63 cohorts), followed for a total of 16.0 million person-years were studied. 293325 had FN BMD measured (2.2 million person-years follow-up). An extended Poisson model in each cohort was used to investigate relationships between WHO-defined BMI categories (Underweight: <18.5 kg/m2; Normal: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; Overweight: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2; Obese I: 30.0-34.9 kg/m2; Obese II: ≥35.0 kg/m2) and risk of incident osteoporotic, major osteoporotic and hip fracture (HF). Inverse-variance weighted β-coefficients were used to merge the cohort-specific results. For the subset with BMD available, in models adjusted for age and follow-up time, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for HF comparing underweight with normal weight was 2.35 (2.10-2.60) in women and for men was 2.45 (1.90-3.17). Hip fracture risk was lower in overweight and obese categories compared to normal weight [obese II vs normal: women 0.66 (0.55-0.80); men 0.91 (0.66-1.26)]. Further adjustment for FN BMD T-score attenuated the increased risk associated with underweight [underweight vs normal: women 1.69 (1.47-1.96); men 1.46 (1.00-2.13)]. In these models, the protective effects of overweight and obesity were attenuated, and in both sexes, the direction of association reversed to higher fracture risk in Obese II category [Obese II vs Normal: women 1.24 (0.97-1.58); men 1.70 (1.06-2.75)]. Results were similar for other fracture outcomes. Underweight is a risk factor for fracture in both men and women regardless of adjustment for BMD. However, while overweight/obesity appeared protective in base models, they became risk factors after additional adjustment for FN BMD, particularly in the Obese II category. This effect in the highest BMI categories was of greater magnitude in men than women. These results will inform the second iteration of FRAX®.

KW - BMI

KW - FRAX

KW - epidemiology

KW - hip fracture

KW - major osteoporotic fracture

KW - meta-analysis

KW - osteoporosis

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105017660752

U2 - 10.1093/jbmr/zjaf091

DO - 10.1093/jbmr/zjaf091

M3 - Article

C2 - 40795319

SN - 0884-0431

VL - 40

SP - 1144

EP - 1155

JO - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

JF - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

IS - 10

ER -

Body mass index and subsequent fracture risk: a meta-analysis to update FRAX

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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