Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)

Marlou Mackus; Aurora J A E van de Loo; S Jorinde Raasveld; Anna Hogewoning; Javier Sastre Toraño; Frits M Flesch; Gerdien A H Korte-Bouws; Renier H P van Neer; Xiaochun Wang; Thomas T Nguyen; Karel A Brookhuis; Aletta D Kraneveld; Johan Garssen; Joris C Verster

doi:10.1002/hup.2624

Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)

Marlou Mackus
, Aurora J A E van de Loo
, S Jorinde Raasveld
, Anna Hogewoning
, Javier Sastre Toraño
, Frits M Flesch
, Gerdien A H Korte-Bouws
, Renier H P van Neer
, Xiaochun Wang
, Thomas T Nguyen
, Karel A Brookhuis
, Aletta D Kraneveld
, Johan Garssen
, Joris C Verster

Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht.
Department of Hematology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) as biomarkers of the hangover state.

METHODS: Thirty-sixhealthy social drinkers participated in this study, being of naturalistic design. Eighteen participants experience regular hangovers (the hangover group), whereas the other 18 claim to not experience a hangover (the hangover-immune group). On a control day (alcohol-free) day and a post-alcohol day, urine EtG and EtS concentrations were determined and hangover severity assessed.

RESULTS: Urinary EtG and EtS concentrations were significantly increased on post-alcohol day compared to the control day (p = .0001). Both EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with the overall hangover score, nor with the estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations and number of alcoholic drinks. EtG correlated significantly only with the individual hangover symptom "headache" (p = .033; r = .403). No significant correlations were found with the EtG to EtS ratio. EtG and EtS concentrations significantly correlated with urine ethanol concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS: Although urine EtG and EtS concentration did not significantly correlate to estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations or the number of alcoholic drinks consumed, a significant correlation was found with urine ethanol concentration. However, urine EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with overall hangover severity.

Original language	English
Journal	Human psychopharmacology
Volume	32
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2624
Publication status	Published - Sept 2017

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Adolescent
Adult
Alcohol Drinking/blood
Alcohol-Related Disorders/blood
Biomarkers/urine
Blood Alcohol Content
Female
Glucuronates/urine
Humans
Male
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/blood
Sulfuric Acid Esters/urine
Young Adult

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Mackus, M., van de Loo, A. J. A. E., Raasveld, S. J., Hogewoning, A., Sastre Toraño, J., Flesch, F. M., Korte-Bouws, G. A. H., van Neer, R. H. P., Wang, X., Nguyen, T. T., Brookhuis, K. A., Kraneveld, A. D., Garssen, J., & Verster, J. C. (2017). Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS). Human psychopharmacology, 32(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2624

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title = "Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)",

abstract = "INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) as biomarkers of the hangover state.METHODS: Thirty-sixhealthy social drinkers participated in this study, being of naturalistic design. Eighteen participants experience regular hangovers (the hangover group), whereas the other 18 claim to not experience a hangover (the hangover-immune group). On a control day (alcohol-free) day and a post-alcohol day, urine EtG and EtS concentrations were determined and hangover severity assessed.RESULTS: Urinary EtG and EtS concentrations were significantly increased on post-alcohol day compared to the control day (p = .0001). Both EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with the overall hangover score, nor with the estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations and number of alcoholic drinks. EtG correlated significantly only with the individual hangover symptom {"}headache{"} (p = .033; r = .403). No significant correlations were found with the EtG to EtS ratio. EtG and EtS concentrations significantly correlated with urine ethanol concentrations.CONCLUSIONS: Although urine EtG and EtS concentration did not significantly correlate to estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations or the number of alcoholic drinks consumed, a significant correlation was found with urine ethanol concentration. However, urine EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with overall hangover severity.",

keywords = "Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking/blood, Alcohol-Related Disorders/blood, Biomarkers/urine, Blood Alcohol Content, Female, Glucuronates/urine, Humans, Male, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/blood, Sulfuric Acid Esters/urine, Young Adult",

author = "Marlou Mackus and \{van de Loo\}, \{Aurora J A E\} and Raasveld, \{S Jorinde\} and Anna Hogewoning and \{Sastre Tora{\~n}o\}, Javier and Flesch, \{Frits M\} and Korte-Bouws, \{Gerdien A H\} and \{van Neer\}, \{Renier H P\} and Xiaochun Wang and Nguyen, \{Thomas T\} and Brookhuis, \{Karel A\} and Kraneveld, \{Aletta D\} and Johan Garssen and Verster, \{Joris C\}",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2017 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical \& Experimental Published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.",

year = "2017",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1002/hup.2624",

language = "English",

volume = "32",

journal = "Human psychopharmacology",

issn = "0885-6222",

publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd.",

number = "5",

}

Mackus, M, van de Loo, AJAE, Raasveld, SJ, Hogewoning, A, Sastre Toraño, J, Flesch, FM, Korte-Bouws, GAH, van Neer, RHP, Wang, X, Nguyen, TT, Brookhuis, KA, Kraneveld, AD, Garssen, J & Verster, JC 2017, 'Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)', Human psychopharmacology, vol. 32, no. 5. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2624

TY - JOUR

T1 - Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state

T2 - Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)

AU - Mackus, Marlou

AU - van de Loo, Aurora J A E

AU - Raasveld, S Jorinde

AU - Hogewoning, Anna

AU - Sastre Toraño, Javier

AU - Flesch, Frits M

AU - Korte-Bouws, Gerdien A H

AU - van Neer, Renier H P

AU - Wang, Xiaochun

AU - Nguyen, Thomas T

AU - Brookhuis, Karel A

AU - Kraneveld, Aletta D

AU - Garssen, Johan

AU - Verster, Joris C

PY - 2017/9

Y1 - 2017/9

N2 - INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) as biomarkers of the hangover state.METHODS: Thirty-sixhealthy social drinkers participated in this study, being of naturalistic design. Eighteen participants experience regular hangovers (the hangover group), whereas the other 18 claim to not experience a hangover (the hangover-immune group). On a control day (alcohol-free) day and a post-alcohol day, urine EtG and EtS concentrations were determined and hangover severity assessed.RESULTS: Urinary EtG and EtS concentrations were significantly increased on post-alcohol day compared to the control day (p = .0001). Both EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with the overall hangover score, nor with the estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations and number of alcoholic drinks. EtG correlated significantly only with the individual hangover symptom "headache" (p = .033; r = .403). No significant correlations were found with the EtG to EtS ratio. EtG and EtS concentrations significantly correlated with urine ethanol concentrations.CONCLUSIONS: Although urine EtG and EtS concentration did not significantly correlate to estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations or the number of alcoholic drinks consumed, a significant correlation was found with urine ethanol concentration. However, urine EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with overall hangover severity.

AB - INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) as biomarkers of the hangover state.METHODS: Thirty-sixhealthy social drinkers participated in this study, being of naturalistic design. Eighteen participants experience regular hangovers (the hangover group), whereas the other 18 claim to not experience a hangover (the hangover-immune group). On a control day (alcohol-free) day and a post-alcohol day, urine EtG and EtS concentrations were determined and hangover severity assessed.RESULTS: Urinary EtG and EtS concentrations were significantly increased on post-alcohol day compared to the control day (p = .0001). Both EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with the overall hangover score, nor with the estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations and number of alcoholic drinks. EtG correlated significantly only with the individual hangover symptom "headache" (p = .033; r = .403). No significant correlations were found with the EtG to EtS ratio. EtG and EtS concentrations significantly correlated with urine ethanol concentrations.CONCLUSIONS: Although urine EtG and EtS concentration did not significantly correlate to estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations or the number of alcoholic drinks consumed, a significant correlation was found with urine ethanol concentration. However, urine EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with overall hangover severity.

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Alcohol Drinking/blood

KW - Alcohol-Related Disorders/blood

KW - Biomarkers/urine

KW - Blood Alcohol Content

KW - Female

KW - Glucuronates/urine

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/blood

KW - Sulfuric Acid Esters/urine

KW - Young Adult

U2 - 10.1002/hup.2624

DO - 10.1002/hup.2624

M3 - Article

SN - 0885-6222

VL - 32

JO - Human psychopharmacology

JF - Human psychopharmacology

IS - 5

ER -

Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)

Abstract

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Keywords

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