TY - JOUR
T1 - A pictorial account of the human embryonic heart between 3.5 and 8 weeks of development
AU - Hikspoors, Jill P. J. M.
AU - Kruepunga, Nutmethee
AU - Mommen, Greet M. C.
AU - Köhler, S. Eleonore
AU - Anderson, Robert H.
AU - Lamers, Wouter H.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dr. John Cork (New Orleans) for making extra sections of embryos included in the DREM collection available and Dr. Antoon Moorman (Amsterdam) for constructive discussions and comments. Furthermore, we would like to thank our bachelor students, who worked on heart development as part of their academic internship. The financial support of “Stichting Rijp” is gratefully acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12/1
Y1 - 2022/12/1
N2 - Heart development is topographically complex and requires visualization to understand its progression. No comprehensive 3-dimensional primer of human cardiac development is currently available. We prepared detailed reconstructions of 12 hearts between 3.5 and 8 weeks post fertilization, using Amira® 3D-reconstruction and Cinema4D®-remodeling software. The models were visualized as calibrated interactive 3D-PDFs. We describe the developmental appearance and subsequent remodeling of 70 different structures incrementally, using sequential segmental analysis. Pictorial timelines of structures highlight age-dependent events, while graphs visualize growth and spiraling of the wall of the heart tube. The basic cardiac layout is established between 3.5 and 4.5 weeks. Septation at the venous pole is completed at 6 weeks. Between 5.5 and 6.5 weeks, as the outflow tract becomes incorporated in the ventricles, the spiraling course of its subaortic and subpulmonary channels is transferred to the intrapericardial arterial trunks. The remodeling of the interventricular foramen is complete at 7 weeks.
AB - Heart development is topographically complex and requires visualization to understand its progression. No comprehensive 3-dimensional primer of human cardiac development is currently available. We prepared detailed reconstructions of 12 hearts between 3.5 and 8 weeks post fertilization, using Amira® 3D-reconstruction and Cinema4D®-remodeling software. The models were visualized as calibrated interactive 3D-PDFs. We describe the developmental appearance and subsequent remodeling of 70 different structures incrementally, using sequential segmental analysis. Pictorial timelines of structures highlight age-dependent events, while graphs visualize growth and spiraling of the wall of the heart tube. The basic cardiac layout is established between 3.5 and 4.5 weeks. Septation at the venous pole is completed at 6 weeks. Between 5.5 and 6.5 weeks, as the outflow tract becomes incorporated in the ventricles, the spiraling course of its subaortic and subpulmonary channels is transferred to the intrapericardial arterial trunks. The remodeling of the interventricular foramen is complete at 7 weeks.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85126189002
U2 - 10.1038/s42003-022-03153-x
DO - 10.1038/s42003-022-03153-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 35277594
SN - 2399-3642
VL - 5
JO - Communications Biology
JF - Communications Biology
IS - 1
M1 - 226
ER -